Prenatal and Postnatal Care

Situate pregnancy in the emotional and physical life of the whole person with this bestselling guide

Prenatal and postnatal care are important and dynamic areas in healthcare research and practice. The needs of the childbearing person before and after birth are complex and intensely personal, combining significant physiological impact with broader emotional needs. In order to supply optimal care, providers must account not only for physiological factors, but also for cultural, social, experiential, and psychological ones.

Prenatal and Postnatal Care takes a holistic, person-centered approach to prenatal and postnatal care. Emphasizing the pregnant person and their unique needs, this book presents prenatal and postnatal care as foundational care for a healthy start to family life. This accessible, comprehensive book provides unique knowledge and skills to practitioners so that they can make a positive difference to the people they serve.

Readers of the third edition of Prenatal and Postnatal Care will also find:

• New chapters covering health equity, ethics in perinatal care, exercise, and more
• All chapters updated to reflect evidence concerning health disparities and inequities
• Concrete ways for clinicians to disrupt the systems of harm and exclusion that can mediate care at every level

Prenatal and Postnatal Care is essential for midwives, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and other healthcare providers who work with childbearing people.

About the Editors ix

Contributors x

Preface xiv

About the Companion Website xvii

Part I Foundational Approaches to Prenatal and Postnatal Care 1

1 Health Equity 3
Noelene K. Jeffers and Karen Trister Grace

2 Ethics in Perinatal Care 22
Mary Broderick Donnelly

3 Reproductive Tract Structure and Function 29
LuVerda Sayles Martin

4 Conception, Implantation, and Embryonic and Fetal Development 42
LuVerda Sayles Martin

5 Physiologic Alterations during Pregnancy 55
Ella T. Heitzler

6 Physiologic Alterations during the Postnatal Period 69
Cindy L. Farley and Tanya Tringali

Part II Preconception, Prenatal Care, and Postnatal Care 77

7 Preconception and Interconception Care 79
Cynthia Nypaver

8 Prenatal Care: Goals, Structure, and Components 101
Emma Clark

9 Nutrition during Pregnancy 122
Rhea Williams

10 Pregnancy Diagnosis and Gestational Age Assessment 147
Joyce D. Cappiello and Janet L. Engstrom

11 Risk Assessment during Pregnancy 171
Robin G. Jordan

12 Prenatal Ultrasound 183
Jenna Shaw-Battista

13 Genetic Counseling, Screening, and Diagnosis 197
Aishwarya Arjunan and Susan Hancock

14 Assessment of Fetal Well-Being 215
Jenifer Fahey

15 Common Discomforts of Pregnancy 233
Robin G. Jordan and Anne Z. Cockerham

16 Oral Health 263
Julia Lange-Kessler

17 Medication Use during Pregnancy 270
Katie McDevitt

18 Substance Use during Pregnancy 289
Signy Toquinto

19 Culture and Community 321
Cindy L. Farley and Raven Fulton

20 Physical Activity and Exercise in the Perinatal Period 329
Meghan Garland and Tanya Tringali

21 Sexuality 346
Jenna Benyounes and Tanya Tringali

22 Occupational and Environmental Health in Pregnancy 355
Katie Huffling

23 Psychosocial Adaptations in Pregnancy 373
Cindy L. Farley

24 Health Education during Pregnancy 390
Kathlyn Albert, Lisa Hanson, and Emily Malloy

25 Preconception, Pregnancy, and Postpartum Care of LGBTQ+ Individuals 403
Signey Olson and Katie DePalma

26 Violence and Trauma in the Perinatal Period 418
Karen Trister Grace

27 Planning for Physiologic Birth 427
Carrie E. Neerland and Melissa D. Avery

28 Triage during Pregnancy 435
Catherine Ruhl

29 Assessment and Care at the Onset of Labor 443
Amy Marowitz

30 Components of Postnatal Care 450
Tia P. Andrighetti and Judith M. Butler

31 Lactation and Breastfeeding 470
Marsha Walker

32 Contraception in the Postnatal Period 499
Katie Daily

Part III Complex Prenatal and Postnatal Conditions 517

33 Bleeding during Pregnancy 519
Sascha James-Conterelli

34 Amniotic Fluid and Fetal Growth Disorders 535
Victoria H. Burslem and Cindy L. Farley

35 Spontaneous Preterm Birth 550
Esther Ellsworth Bowers

36 Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy 564
Melissa Kitzman

37 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 579
Kimberly K. Trout

38 Multifetal Gestation 592
Heather M. Bradford

39 Postterm Pregnancy 600
Heather M. Bradford

40 Hyperemesis Gravidarum 606
Ella T. Heitzler and Jennifer Wolfe

41 Abdominal Pain 611
Karen Trister Grace

42 Pregnancy after Infertility 616
Melicia Escobar and Ebony Marcelle

43 Common Complications during the Postnatal Period 626
Deborah Brandt Karsnitz and Linda McDaniel

44 Common Lactation and Breastfeeding Problems 645
Marsha Walker

45 Perinatal Loss and Grief 668
Robin G. Jordan and Holly White

46 Obesity in the Perinatal Period 679
Cecilia M. Jevitt

47 Mood and Anxiety Disorders 691
Latrice Martin

48 Hematologic and Thromboembolic Disorders 703
Katie Daily

49 Respiratory Disorders 723
Lisa Hachey and Cynthia Nypaver

50 Urinary Tract Disorders 733
Rhonda Arthur and Nancy Pesta Walsh

51 Gastrointestinal Disorders 741
Debora M. Dole

52 Endocrine Disorders 747
Elizabeth Gabzdyl

53 Neurological Disorders 757
Lise Hauser

54 Dermatologic Disorders 767
Nell L. Tharpe

55 Infectious Diseases 780
Lisa Noguchi

56 Sexually Transmitted Infections and Vaginitis 804
Gina M. Fullbright

Index 819

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