About the Editors xv
List of Contributors xvii
Foreword xxi
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgements xxv
1 An Overview of Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Devices 1
Hu Long, Xiaoqi Zhang, Xianglong Han, and Wenli Lai
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Evolution of Orthodontic TADs 1
1.3 Characteristics of Orthodontic TADs 2
1.4 Mechanical Retention of Orthodontic TADs 5
1.5 Clinical Indications for Orthodontic TADs 9
1.6 Potential Complications 19
1.7 Summary 21
2 Requirements for the Insertion of Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Devices 25
Lin Xiang, Ziwei Tang, Jing Zhou, Hong Zhou, Qingxuan Wang, Waseem S. Al-Gumaei, Hu Long, and Liang Zhang
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Systemic Requirements 26
2.3 Local Requirements 32
2.4 Summary 51
3 General Principles for the Insertion of Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Devices 55
Hu Long, Xinyu Yan, Yanzi Gao, Qingxuan Wang, Chenghao Zhang, Rui Shu, Wen Liao, and Xianglong Han
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 Anatomy-driven Paradigm 56
3.3 Biomechanics-driven Paradigm 75
3.4 Clinical Procedures for Inserting Mini-implants 85
3.5 Summary 92
4 Maxillary Labial Region 95
Donger Lin, Huiyi Hong, Xiaolong Li, Jialun Li, Haoxin Zhang, Hong Zhou, Yan Wang, and Hu Long
4.1 Introduction 95
4.2 Interradicular Sites 95
4.3 Anterior Nasal Spine 125
4.4 Summary 143
5 Maxillary Buccal Region 145
Lingling Pu, Yanzi Gao, Qinxuan Song, Yang Zhou, Ying Jin, Yongwen Guo, Xianglong Han, and Hu Long
5.1 Introduction 145
5.2 Interradicular Sites 145
5.3 Infrazygomatic Crest 183
5.4 Maxillary Tuberosity 223
5.5 Summary 232
6 Maxillary Palatal Region 235
Jing Zhou, Xinwei Lyu, Hong Zhou, Jiabao Li, Wenqiang Ma, Heyi Tang, Tianjin Tao, Peipei Duan, and Hu Long
6.1 Introduction 235
6.2 Interradicular Sites 238
6.3 Paramedian Sites 270
6.4 Midpalatal Suture 296
6.5 Summary 301
7 Mandibular Labial Region 303
Yi Yang, Donger Lin, Lingling Pu, Shizhen Zhang, Yan Wang, Erpan Alkam, and Hu Long
7.1 Introduction 303
7.2 Interradicular Sites 305
7.3 Mandibular Symphysis 320
7.4 Summary 330
8 Mandibular Buccal Region 333
Qi Fan, Lu Liu, Chaolun Mo, Xinxiong Xia, Yushi Zhang, Rui Shu, Liang Zhang, and Hu Long
8.1 Introduction 333
8.2 Interradicular Sites 335
8.3 Buccal Shelf 364
8.4 Summary 386
9 Mandibular Ramus 389
Qianyun Kuang, Qi Fan, Chengge Hua, Lingling Pu, and Hu Long
9.1 Introduction 389
9.2 Anatomical Considerations 389
9.3 Mini-implant Selection 396
9.4 Insertion Procedure 397
9.5 Versatile Clinical Applications 402
9.6 Summary 413
10 The Placement of Miniplates 415
Lingling Pu, Yi Yang, Xuechun Yuan, Hu Long, and Chengge Hua
10.1 Introduction 415
10.2 Clinical Features 415
10.3 Clinical Indications 420
10.4 Insertion Techniques 431
10.5 Removal Techniques 433
10.6 Summary 434
11 Three-dimensional Design and Manufacture of Insertion Guides 437
Niansong Ye, Lingling Pu, Qi Fan, Wenqiang Ma, Yanqing Wu, Wenli Lai, and Hu Long
11.1 Introduction 437
11.2 Evolution of Insertion Guides 437
11.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Insertion Guides 446
11.4 Three-dimensional Design of Insertion Guides for Mini-implants 451
11.5 Manufacturing Insertion Guides 464
11.6 Summary 470
12 Clinical Techniques for Using Insertion Guides 473
Lingling Pu, Qi Fan, Yuetian Li, Omar M. Ghaleb, Hu Long, and Niansong Ye
12.1 Introduction 473
12.2 Clinical Procedures 473
12.3 Placement of Mini-implants with Insertion Guides at Different Sites 479
12.4 Summary 485
13 Root Contact 487
Xinyu Yan, Yan Wang, Jianru Yi, Hu Long, Xianglong Han, and Wenli Lai
13.1 Introduction 487
13.2 Clinical Manifestations 488
13.3 Prognosis 490
13.4 Risk Factors 493
13.5 Prevention 496
13.6 Management of Root Contact 498
13.7 Summary 499
14 Fractures of Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Devices 501
Hong Zhou, Jing Zhou, Fan Jian, Heyi Tang, Jianru Yi, Xiaolong Li, and Hu Long
14.1 Introduction 501
14.2 Risk Factors for Mini-implant Fracture 504
14.3 Prevention of Mini-implant Fracture 508
14.4 Management of Mini-implant Fracture 511
14.5 Summary 512
15 Soft Tissue Complications 515
Lin Xiang, Ziwei Tang, Jing Zhou, Heyi Tang, Hu Long, and Jianru Yi
15.1 Introduction 515
15.2 Clinical Manifestations 516
15.3 Adverse Consequences 519
15.4 Risk Factors 520
15.5 Prevention 525
15.6 Treatment 528
15.7 Summary 530
16 Failure of Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Devices 533
Xinyu Yan, Xiaoqi Zhang, Jianru Yi, Chen Liang, Xi Du, Lingling Pu, and Hu Long
16.1 Introduction 533
16.2 Primary Stability and Secondary Stability 534
16.3 Risk Factors 537
16.4 Prevention of Mini-implant Failure 543
16.5 Management of Mini-implant Failure 544
16.6 Summary 546
References 546
Index 549
