Brain
Pathology-Based Diagnoses
Congenital Malformations
Approach to Brain Malformations
Hindbrain Malformations
Dandy-Walker Continuum
Rhombencephalosynapsis
Unclassified Cerebellar Dysplasias
Molar Tooth Malformations (Joubert)
Cerebellar Dysplastic Gangliocytoma
Cerebellar Hypoplasia
Disorders of Diverticulation/Cleavage
Holoprosencephaly
Syntelencephaly (Middle Interhemispheric Variant)
Septo-Optic Dysplasia
Commissural Abnormalities
Malformations of Cortical Development
Congenital Microcephaly
Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
Heterotopic Gray Matter
Polymicrogyria
Focal Cortical Dysplasia
Lissencephaly
Schizencephaly
Hemimegalencephaly
DNET
Familial Tumor/Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Brain
Neurofibromatosis Type 2, Brain
von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Meningioangiomatosis
Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
Neurocutaneous Melanosis
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Encephalocraniocutaneous Lipomatosis
Trauma
Neonatal Subpial Hemorrhage
Epidural Hematoma, Classic
Acute Subdural Hematoma
Evolving Subdural Hematoma
Cerebral Contusion
Diffuse Axonal Injury
Subcortical Injury
Abusive Head Trauma
Stroke
Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage
Hydranencephaly
White Matter Injury of Prematurity
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Childhood Stroke
Sickle Cell Disease, Brain
Moyamoya
Vascular Malformations
CVMs With AV Shunting
Arteriovenous Malformation
Dural AV Fistula
Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation
CVMs Without AV Shunting
Developmental Venous Anomaly
Sinus Pericranii
Cavernous Malformation
Capillary Telangiectasia
Neoplasms
Astrocytic Tumors
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Pilomyxoid Astrocytomas
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
Glioblastoma
Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma
Brainstem Tumors
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
Ependymal Tumors
Supratentorial Ependymoma
Infratentorial Ependymoma
Embryonal Tumors With Multilayered Rosettes
Choroid Plexus Tumors
Choroid Plexus Papilloma
Choroid Plexus Carcinoma
Neuronal and Mixed Neuronal-Glial Tumors
Ganglioglioma
Desmoplastic Infantile Tumors
Pineal Parenchymal Tumors
Pineoblastoma
Embryonal and Neuroblastic Tumors
Medulloblastoma
Atypical Teratoid-Rhabdoid Tumor
Metastatic Neuroblastoma
Histiocytic and Hematopoetic Tumors
Leukemia
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Skull and Brain
Germ Cell Tumors
Germinoma
Teratoma
Nonneoplastic Cysts and Tumor Mimics
Arachnoid Cyst
Dermoid Cyst
Epidermoid Cyst
Neuroglial Cyst
Enlarged Perivascular Spaces
Pineal Cyst
Choroid Plexus Cyst
Ependymal Cyst
Porencephalic Cyst
Neurenteric Cyst
Lipoma
Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease
Congenital/Neonatal Infections
Congenital CMV
Congenital HIV
Neonatal Herpes Encephalitis
Group B Streptococcal Meningitis
Citrobacter Meningitis
Acquired Infections
Abscess, Brain
Ventriculitis
Empyema
Herpes Encephalitis Type 1
Miscellaneous Encephalitis
Rasmussen Encephalitis
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Tuberculosis
Neurocysticercosis
Miscellaneous Parasites
Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
ADEM
Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders
Approach to Normal Brain Development and Metabolic Disorders
Normal Variants
Hypomyelination
Mitochondrial Disorders
MELAS
Mitochondrial Encephalopathies
Lysosomal Disorders
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Gangliosidosis (GM2)
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy
Peroxisomal Disorders
Zellweger Syndrome and Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders
X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Organic and Aminoacidopathies
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Urea Cycle Disorders
Glutaric Aciduria Type 1
Canavan Disease
Alexander Disease
Miscellaneous
Megalencephaly With Leukoencephalopathy and Cysts
Vanishing White Matter
X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth
PKAN
Huntington Disease
Wilson Disease
Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders
Hypoglycemia
Kernicterus
Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis
Cerebellitis
Anatomy-Based Diagnoses
Ventricles and Cisterns
Approach to Ventricular Anatomy and Imaging Issues
Cavum Septi Pellucidi
Cavum Velum Interpositum
Benign Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces
Hydrocephalus
Aqueductal Stenosis
CSF Shunts and Complications
Sella and Pituitary
Approach to Pituitary Development
Pituitary Anomalies
Craniopharyngioma
Hypothalamic hamartoma
Skull, Scalp, and Meninges
Congenital
Congenital Calvarial Defects
Craniosynostoses
Cephalocele
Atretic Cephalocele
Trauma
Calvarial Fracture
Intracranial Hypotension
Nonneoplastic and Tumor-like Disorders
Fibrous Dysplasia
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
Thick Skull
Head and Neck
Temporal Bone and Skull Base
Classification of Inner Ear Malformation
Labyrinthine Aplasia
Oval Window Atresia
Cochlear Aplasia
Cochlear Hypoplasia
Cochlear Nerve and Cochlear Nerve Canal Aplasia-Hypoplasia
X-Linked Stapes Gusher (DFNX2)
Common Cavity Malformation
Cystic Cochleovestibular Malformation
Large Vestibular Aqueduct
Semicircular Canal Hypoplasia-Aplasia
Endolymphatic Sac Tumor
Dermoid and Epidermoid Cysts
CPA-IAC Arachnoid Cyst
Congenital Cholesteatoma
Acquired Cholesteatoma
Skull Base Chondrosarcoma
Orbit, Nose, and Sinuses
Nasal Glioma
Frontoethmoidal Cephalocele
Nasal Dermal Sinus
Choanal Atresia
Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis
Juvenile Angiofibroma
Anophthalmia/Microphthalmia
Macrophthalmia
Coloboma
Nasolacrimal Duct Mucocele
Orbital Dermoid and Epidermoid
Orbital Cellulitis
Orbital Vascular Malformations
Orbital Infantile Hemangioma
Retinoblastoma
Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Neck
Approach to Congenital Lesions of the Neck
Lingual Thyroid
Oral Cavity Dermoid and Epidermoid
Reactive Lymph Nodes
Suppurative Adenitis
Multiple Regions, Head and Neck
1st Branchial Cleft Cyst
2nd Branchial Cleft Cyst
3rd Branchial Cleft Cyst
4th Branchial Cleft Cyst
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Cervical Thymic Cyst
Venous Malformation
Lymphatic Malformation, Cervical
Infantile Hemangioma
Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Head and Neck
Brachial Plexus Schwannoma in Perivertebral Space
Fibromatosis Colli
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumors
Orbital Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Spine
Congenital and Genetic Disorders
Congenital
Normal Anatomical Variations
Filum Terminale Fibrolipoma
Ventriculus Terminalis
Chiari Disorders
Chiari 1 Malformation
Chiari 2 Malformation
Chiari 3 Malformation
Abnormalities of Neurulation
Approach to Spine and Spinal Cord Development
Myelomeningocele
Lipomyelomeningocele
Dorsal Dermal Sinus
Dermoid Cyst
Epidermoid Cyst
Anomalies of Caudal Cell Mess
Tethered Spinal Cord
Segmental Spinal Dysgenesis
Caudal Regression Syndrome
Nonterminal Myelocystocele
Myelocystocele
Anterior Sacral Meningocele
Sacral Extradural Arachnoid Cyst
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
Anomalies of Notochord and Vertebral Formation
Craniovertebral Junction Variants
Klippel-Feil Spectrum
Failure of Vertebral Formation
Vertebral Segmentation Failure
Partial Vertebral Duplication
Diastematomyelia
Incomplete Fusion, Posterior Element
Neurenteric Cyst
Developmental Abnormalities
Lateral Meningocele
Dorsal Spinal Meningocele
Dural Dysplasia
Genetic Disorders
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Achondroplasia
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Sickle Cell Disease
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Scoliosis and Kyphosis
Developmental Spinal Stenosis
Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Idiopathic Scoliosis
Idiopathic Kyphosis
Trauma
Apophyseal Ring Fracture
Developmental and Degenerative Diseases
Schmorl Node
Scheuermann Disease
Congenital Scoliosis and Kyphosis
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
Infection and Inflammatory Disorders
Infections
Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
Tuberculous Osteomyelitis
Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders
Idiopathic Acute Transverse Myelitis
Neuromyelitis Optica
ADEM
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Acute Flaccid Myelitis
Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses
Neoplasms
Extradural Space
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Osteochondroma
Osteosarcoma
Chordoma
Ewing Sarcoma
Leukemia, Spine
Neuroblastic Tumor
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Angiolipoma
Intradural Extramedullary Space
Spinal Lipoma
CSF Disseminated Metastases
Myxopapillary Ependymoma
Intramedullary Space
Astrocytoma
Cellular Ependymoma
Nonneoplastic Cysts and Tumor Mimics
Syringomyelia
Epidural Lipomatosis
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
Spine Postprocedural Imaging
Hardware Failure
