List of Contributors vii
Preface ix
1 Introduction to Pharmacology 1
1.1 Definition of Terms 1
1.2 Pharmacokinetics 3
1.3 Pharmacodynamics 8
2 The Prex_scription and Drug Names 13
2.1 Parts of a Prex_scription 13
2.2 Generic Substitution 14
2.3 Controlled Drugs 16
2.4 Principles of Prex_scription Writing 18
2.5 How to Avoid Prex_scription Errors 24
3 Basic Prescribing and Drug Dosing for the Dental Patient 29
3.1 Basic Principles of Drug Dosing 29
3.2 Pediatric Patients 32
3.3 Pregnant and Nursing Patients 38
3.4 Elderly Patients 42
3.5 Patients with Renal Impairment 42
3.6 Patients with Hepatic Impairment 45
3.7 Patients with History of Bariatric Surgery 49
4 Dental Formularies: Drugs Prescribed in Dentistry 55
4.1 Antimicrobials, Systemic 55
4.2 Antimicrobials, Local 77
4.3 Controlled- Release Drug Delivery 79
4.4 Antivirals/ Antifungal Agents 79
4.5 Prescribing for Acute Dental Pain 87
4.6 Prevention and Management of Opioid Prex_scription Drug Misuse 111
4.7 Oral Sedation 112
4.8 Glucocorticosteroids 116
5 How to Manage Potential Drug Interactions in Dentistry 127
5.1 Introduction to Drug Interactions 127
5.2 Antibiotic–Drug Interactions in Dentistry 132
5.3 Analgesic– Drug Interactions in Dentistry 139
5.4 Sympathomimetic Agents and Drug Interactions in Dentistry 141
5.5 Antianxiety Drug Interactions in Dentistry 145
6 Evidence-Based Theory for Drug Prescribing in Dentistry 149
6.1 General Considerations 149
6.2 Prescribing for Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases and Periodontal Surgical Procedures 151
6.3 Prescribing for Dental Implant Surgery 160
6.4 Prescribing for Oral Surgery 164
6.5 Prescribing for Odontogenic Infections 164
7 Management of Medications Taken by Medically Complex Dental Patients 177
7.1 American Heart Association Guidelines for Antibiotic Prophylaxis 177
7.2 Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Total Joint Replacement 181
7.3 Cardiovascular Diseases (Marc A. Singer, MD) 183
7.4 Pregnant and Nursing Patient 204
7.5 Corticosteroids and Thyroid Medication 205
7.6 Asthma Medications 207
7.7 Diabetes Medication 209
7.8 Psychiatric and Neurological Medications 212
7.9 Organ Transplantation (Antirejection) Medications 226
7.10 Recreational and Illicit Drugs 229
7.11 Antiresorptive Agents 232
7.12 HIV/AIDS Research and Medications (Cheryl Barber, MPH, MSOD) 238
8 Herbal, Dietary, and Natural Remedies 271
8.1 Herbal–Drug Interactions 271
8.2 Implications in Dentistry 273
Appendix 1: Smoking Cessation Therapy 275
Appendix 2: Oral Manifestation of Drugs 281
Appendix 3: American Heart Association Antibiotic Prophylaxis Guidelines 287
Index 289
