Part I Basic Tools in Routine Evaluation of Cardiac Patients Chapter 1
* History Taking
• Gestational and Natal History
• Postnatal History
• Family History
Chapter 2
* Physical Examination
• Growth Pattern
• Inspection
• Palpation
• Blood Pressure Measurement
• Auscultation
• Some Special Features of the Cardiac Examination of Neonates
Chapter 3
* Electrocardiography
• What Is the Vectorial Approach?
• Comparison of Pediatric and Adult Electrocardiograms
• Basic Measurements and Their Normal and Abnormal Values Necessary for Routine Interpretation of an Electrocardiogram
• Ventricular Hypertrophy
• Ventricular Conduction Disturbances
• ST-Segment and T-Wave Changes
Chapter 4
* Chest Roentgenography
• Heart Size and Silhouette
• Evaluation of Cardiac Chambers and Great Arteries
• Pulmonary Vascular Markings
• Systematic Approach
Chapter 5
* Flow Diagrams
Part II Special Tools in Evaluation of Cardiac Patients
Chapter 6
* Noninvasive Techniques
• Echocardiography
• Stress Testing
• Long-Term ECG Recording
• Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
Chapter 7
* Invasive Procedures
• Cardiac Catheterization and Angiocardiography* Catheter Intervention Procedures
Part III Pathophysiology
Chapter 8
* Fetal and Perinatal Circulation
• Fetal Circulation
• Changes in Circulation after Birth
• Premature Newborns
Chapter 9
* Pathophysiology of Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions
• Atrial Septal Defect
• Ventricular Septal Defect
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus
• Endocardial Cushion Defect
Chapter 10
* Pathophysiology of Obstructive and Valvular Regurgitation Lesions
• Obstruction to Ventricular Output
• Stenosis of Atrioventricular Valves
• Valvular Regurgitant Lesions
Chapter 11
* Pathophysiology of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects
• Clinical Cyanosis
• Common Cyanotic Heart Defects
Part IV Specific Congenital Heart Defects
Chapter 12
* Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions
• Atrial Septal Defect
• Ventricular Septal Defect
• Management
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates
• Complete Endocardial Cushion Defect
• Partial Endocardial Cushion Defect
• Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Chapter 13
* Obstructive Lesions
• Pulmonary Stenosis
• Aortic Stenosis
• Coarctation of the Aorta
• Interrupted Aortic Arch
Chapter 14
* Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects
• Approach to a Cyanotic Neonate
• Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries
• Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia (Pulmonary Atresia and Ventricular Septal Defect)
• Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve
• Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
• Tricuspid Atresia
• Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum
• Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
• Ebstein's Anomaly
• Persistent Truncus Arteriosus
• Single Ventricle
• Double-Outlet Right Ventricle
• Heterotaxia (Atrial Isomerism, Splenic Syndromes)
• Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Chapter 15
* Vascular Ring
• Prevalence
• Pathology
• Clinical Manifestations
• Diagnosis
• Management
Chapter 16
* Chamber Localization and Cardiac Malposition
• Chamber Localization
• Dextrocardia and Mesocardia
Chapter 17
* Miscellaneous Congenital Cardiac Conditions
• Aneurysm of the Sinus of Valsalva
• Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, ALCAPA Syndrome)
• Aortopulmonary Septal Defect
• Arteriovenous Fistula, Coronary
• Arteriovenous Fistula, Pulmonary
• Arteriovenous Fistula, Systemic
• Atrial Septal Aneurysm
• Cervical Aortic Arch
• Common Atrium
• Cor Triatriatum
• DiGeorge Syndrome
• Double-Chambered Right Ventricle
• Ectopia Cordis
• Hemitruncus Arteriosus
• Idiopathic Dilation of the Pulmonary Artery
• Kartagener Syndrome
• Parachute Mitral Valve
• Patent Foramen Ovale
• Pericardial Defect, Congenital
• Pseudocoarctation of the Aorta
• Pulmonary Artery Stenosis
• Scimitar Syndrome
• Systemic Venous Anomalies
Part V Acquired Heart Disease
Chapter 18
* Primary Myocardial Disease
• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
• Infants of Diabetic Mothers
• Transient Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Neonates
• Dilated or Congestive Cardiomyopathy
• Endocardial Fibroelastosis
• Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy
• Carnitine Deficiency
• Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
• Right Ventricular Dysplasia
• Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
Chapter 19
* Cardiovascular Infections
• Infective Endocarditis
• Myocarditis
• Pericarditis
• Constrictive Pericarditis
• Kawasaki Disease
• Lyme Carditis
• Postpericardiotomy Syndrome
• Postperfusion Syndrome
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 20
* Acute Rheumatic Fever
• Prevalence
• Cause
• Pathology
• Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis
• Differential Diagnosis
• Clinical Course
• Management
• Prognosis
• Prevention
Chapter 21
* Valvular Heart Disease
• Mitral Stenosis
• Mitral Regurgitation
• Aortic Regurgitation
• Clinical Manifestations
• Mitral Valve Prolapse
Chapter 22
* Cardiac Tumors
• Prevalence
• Pathology
• Clinical Manifestations
• Management
Chapter 23
* Cardiovascular Involvement in Systemic Diseases
• Mucopolysaccharidoses
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Friedreich's Ataxia
• Muscular Dystrophy
• Myotonic Dystrophy
• Marfan Syndrome
• Acute Glomerulonephritis
• Hyperthyroidism: Congenital and Acquired
• Hypothyroidism: Congenital and Acquired
• Sickle Cell Anemia
Part VI Arrhythmias and Atrioventricular Conduction Disturbances
Chapter 24
* Cardiac Arrhythmias
• Rhythms Originating in the Sinus Node
• Rhythms Originating in the Atrium
• Rhythms Originating in the Atrioventricular Node
• Rhythms Originating in the Ventricle
• Long QT Syndrome
• Short QT Syndrome
• Brugada Syndrome
Chapter 25
* Disturbances of Atrioventricular Conduction
• First-Degree Atrioventricular Block
• Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block
• Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block
• Atrioventricular Disassociation
Chapter 26
* Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Children
• ECGs of Artificial Cardiac Pacemakers
• Pacemaker Therapy in Children
• Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy
Part VII Special Problems
Chapter 27
* Congestive Heart Failure
• Definition
• Cause
• Pathophysiology of Congestive Heart Failure
• Diagnosis
• Management
Chapter 28
* Systemic Hypertension
• Definition
• Normative Blood Pressure Standards
• Cause
• Diagnosis and Workup
• Management
• Hypertensive Crisis
Chapter 29
* Pulmonary Hypertension
• Definition
• Cause
• Physiology
• Pathogenesis
• Pathology
• Pathophysiology
• Clinical Manifestations
• Natural History
• Diagnosis
• Management
• Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
• Diaphragmatic Hernia
Chapter 30
* Child with Chest Pain
• Cause and Prevalence
• Clinical Manifestations
• Diagnostic Approach
• Management
Chapter 31
* Syncope
• Prevalence
• Definition
• Causes
• Evaluation of a Child with Syncope
• Treatment
• Differential Diagnosis
Chapter 32
* Palpitation
• Definition and Dex_scription
• Causes
• Evaluation
• Management
Chapter 33
* Dyslipidemia and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors
• Childhood Onset of Coronary Artery Disease
• Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome
• Dyslipidemia
• Other Risk Factors
• Practice of Preventive Cardiology
Chapter 34
* Athletes with Cardiac Problems
• Sudden Unexpected Death in Young Athletes
• Preparticipation Screening
• Classification of Sports
• Eligibility Determination for Athletes with Cardiovascular Diseases
• Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sports
• Athletes with Systemic Hypertension
Chapter 35
* Cardiac Transplantation
• Indications
• Selection of the Recipient
• Evaluation and Management of the Cardiac Donor
• Informed Consent from the Family and Recipient
• Operative Technique
• Early Postoperative Management
• Late Post-Transplantation Follow-up
• Prognosis
Appendices
Appendix A Miscellaneous
Appendix B Blood Pressure Values
Appendix C Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Appendix D Normal Echocardiographic Values and Images
Appendix E Drugs Used in Pediatric Cardiology
Suggested Readings
Index
